Soap Production
Soap is a common hygiene product, accompanying us on a daily basis and helping us to maintain health and cleanliness. It has been used for thousands of years as a washing and cleaning agent. Technological progress made in the 19th and 20th centuries resulted in reduced prices and increased popularity, which is maintained to this day.
What is the difference between natural and ‘traditional’ soaps?
Recently a growing trend has been observed for creating natural cosmetics. The production of natural soap by small, local companies is also becoming an increasingly popular and valued craft.
The composition of natural soap is based on saponified oils, and also includes natural pigments and essential oils as well as other herbal additives to improve further care properties.
The soap production process aims to achieve the most natural product possible with valuable properties, and is based upon the cold method. This consists of mixing oils at a lower temperature. It is a simple, yet time-consuming process.
Natural soap production is based on vegetable or animal fats. Nowadays soap masses based on vegetable fats are becoming increasingly popular. Their variety is immense, which enables manufacturers to obtain products with the desired functions and hardnesses. Depending on which oil or butter is used, it is possible to obtain a soap with care, cleaning, foam forming, as well as nourishing properties.
Variations in Soap Manufacturing:
- Cold Process vs. Hot Process: In smaller or artisanal soap-making, a cold process may be used where no external heat is applied after mixing the fats and alkali. In contrast, industrial soap-making usually involves a hot process, which accelerates saponification.
- Liquid Soaps: For liquid soap production, potassium hydroxide is used instead of sodium hydroxide. The process involves additional steps to ensure the soap remains in a liquid state.
Industrial soap manufacturing is a complex process that requires precise control over temperature, ingredients, and equipment to produce consistent, high-quality products at large volumes.